Overview About. Android Rust. Source Generators. Cuttlefish Cloud Android. For more details, see Architecture resources. Verify boot. The GSI doesn't include a verify boot solution such as vboot 1. To flash the GSI to an device launching on Android 9 or earlier, the device must have a method for disabling verify boot. File system. The GSI uses the ext4 file system. Partition layout. The GSI uses system-as-root partition layout. This includes the following major changes from earlier GSIs: User build.
GSI has user build from Android Unsparsed format. You can use img2simg to convert an unsparsed GSI to sparse format if necessary. For the devices upgraded from Android 8 or 8. The upgraded init in ramdisk supports OEM system. Devices can use the included 8. Mount directories. In Android 9, the root of the system image is mounted as the root of the device. In Android 8. Android 9 doesn't support the bit binder interface, so both bit GSIs and bit GSIs use the bit binder interface.
Below are some links to download the factory images package for common devices. With each of the above links, simply locate your device model in the list, then download the latest available firmware on your computer. Now it's time to flash the images. The first thing you'll want to do here is extract the factory images archive that you downloaded from your manufacturer's website. For that part, I'd recommend using 7-Zip , as it's free and works with most archive formats.
Next, move all of the contents of the archive to the platform-tools folder inside of your ADB installation directory, then open an ADB Shell window in this folder. For more information on that, refer back to Step 4 above. Aside from that, there are two different approaches you can take when flashing the images. I'll outline both of them in separate sections below. Most factory images packages will contain a "flash-all" script that applies all of the images in one fell swoop.
If you're trying to recover your device from a soft brick, this is the simplest way to go. However, it will unroot your device and wipe all existing data, so if you'd rather avoid that, see Option 2 below. But to run the flash-all script, type the following line into the command prompt, then hit enter:. For a second option, you can flash the system images individually.
This method takes some extra work, but it can be used to un-root, update, or un-brick your device without losing existing data. Start by extracting any additional archives from the factory images package. Sometimes, factory images packages can contain a series of three or four nested archives, so make sure to unzip all of them. From there, copy all of the image files to the main platform-tools folder—in other words, don't leave them in any sub-folders.
From here, there are two images that you can get rid of: cache. These are the images that will overwrite your data and cache with blank space, so if you don't flash them, your existing data will remain intact. Of the remaining images, six make up the core elements of Android: boot , bootloader , radio , recovery , system , and vendor. The boot image contains the kernel, so if you just want to get rid of a custom kernel that's causing issues with your device, you only have to flash this one.
To do that, type the following command into the ADB shell window:. Next is the bootloader image—this is the the interface that you're using to flash images with Fastboot commands.
So to update your bootloader, type:. Once you've done that, you should reload the bootloader so that you can continue flashing images on the newer version. To do that, type:. After that, we have the radio image. This one controls connectivity on your device, so if you're having problems with Wi-Fi or mobile data, or if you just want to update your radio, type:.
Then there's recovery. This is something you may or may not want to flash, depending on the modifications you've made. For example, if you've installed TWRP custom recovery, flashing this image will overwrite your modification and replace it with the stock recovery interface. So if you're just updating your modded device, you should skip this one. Otherwise, if you plan to keep your phone stock and want the newer version of stock recovery, type:.
Next up is the big one: The system image. This one contains all of the files that make up the actual Android OS. As such, it's the most essential part of any update. However you may not be updating your phone. You may just be re-flashing the stock firmware to recover from a soft brick. Sanity checks should be done on radio and bootloader images prior to flashing in unlocked mode. For examples, compare to android-info. Also check bootloader image signature at flash time to make sure it passes validation during boot which might include antirollback features.
On Google-branded devices, flashing to older versions of bootloaders should work properly, starting from the first commercially-shipped bootloader. Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the Content License.
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